Mental Ill Health Is A Pervasive Public Health Issue Essay

Introduction Mental ill-health is a pervasive public health issue impacting about 46 per cent of Australians aged between sixteen and eighty-five during their lifetime (AIHW 2016, p. 2). Results from the National Health Survey (ABS 2015) revealed mental and behavioural conditions to be the most prevalent long-term health condition experienced by Australians. Here, anxiety-related conditions were most frequently reported (ABS 2015). Amid the Australian population, those aged between sixteen and twenty-four experience a mental health disorder in the last twelve months more often than other age groups (ABS 2014). Younger Australians, in particularly young women reported having an anxiety-related condition at twice the rate of males the same age (ABS 2014; Slade et al. 2009). Given the prevalence and overall burden of mental illness in the community, especially amongst vulnerable populations, the case study of Georgia, a twenty-two year old student with prevailing symptoms of anxiety will be analysed . To facilitate a comprehensive understanding of Georgia’s condition and associated concerns, an overview of what mental health is and how it can impact ones’ life as well as the implementation of holistic, recovery-based collaborative care to ensure person-centred needs are met will be discussed. Also reviewed in this paper are implications for future practice. Mental health Anxiety The World Health Organisation (2012, p. 3) defines mental health as, â€Å"†¦ a state of well-being inShow MoreRelatedMental Health Of Individuals Living With Schizophrenia1399 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction The mental health of individuals living with schizophrenia not only depends on the severity of their mental illness, it also depends on their inclusion within their community (Michael, 2012). Despite recent advances and treatment, individuals suffering from schizophrenia encounter a considerable stigma that creates barriers to them receiving adequate treatment which in turn hinders their full integration into society (Morgan, 2003). The conceptualization of stigma was explored (GoffmanRead MoreMental Illness and Violent Crime1184 Words   |  5 PagesThe stereotype that goes hand in hand with mental illness that though seems to have improved over the years is still pervasive. 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I grew up in east Bakersfield where substance abuse, gangs and criminal acts of violence were a p ervasive occurrence, and I resiliently avoided the peer pressures to conform to their way of life. From the ages of 11 to 15, I would work for my grandfather at the local swap meet on the weekends so that I could help my mother make ends meet. I receivedRead More The Effects of Stigma and Labeling on Mental Illness Patients and Their Families2560 Words   |  11 PagesMental Illness, that name conjures up a vast array of frightening images in the minds of the general public and media; an unfair image that is stigmatizing for the sufferer. The stigma is also pervasive in the mental health field, where patients who receive treatment are sometimes treated unfairly by the practitioners, who are supposed to help them in the first place. This is what my paper will discuss, the effects of stigma and labeling on patients and their families. I have culled many sources

Essay on Lears Character in William Shakespeares Play

Lears Character in William Shakespeares Play The view of Lear being bent on his own destruction from the beginning of the play is an acceptable claim. The way he begins in the play, dividing up his country for his daughters, in essence, this spelt disaster. Unlike other renaissance dramatists, who used ‘mad scenes’ for comic use, Shakespeare seems intent on displaying madness in a more sinister portrayal. In favour of the claim, much can be said. In his thought process of dividing up his kingdom, it would appear, that nothing went through his mind to make him question what he was†¦show more content†¦The behaviour of Lear with his followers differs throughout the novel. To begin with, his devout followers such as Kent and Gloucester, pious and virtuous to the king, as were the masses which served him. But as the play progresses, he loses his masses, because he loses his crown. But, throughout the novel, Kent remains loyal to the king. Lear behaves (laddish) with his knights, they go out and hunt: spend all day out in the country, and return demanding Food and care. Such childlike behaviour is this, that Goneril has an outburst at her father, she says; â€Å"Men so disordered †¦that this, our court†¦ Shows like a riotous inn† =================================================================== Goneril then says; â€Å"†¦epicurism and lust Makes it more like a tavern or a Brothel† Anchoring the facet that Lear, with his knights is childish. Goneril speaks her mind of what Lear, claiming the manner of the knights, and indeed her father, resemble that of a brothel. Lear claims outrage at his daughter, curses, and leaves for Regan’s residence. This shows Lear in a very bad light, although being the king. He shows no maturity or leadership, he is simply one of the lads. Subsequent to this argument with Goneril, Lear bears a grudge on his daughter, and shows utmost maturity when saying farewells, as he curses his daughter.Show MoreRelatedKing Lear and the Genre of Tragedy Essay960 Words   |  4 Pagestragedy is a genre typically defined as a play that deals with a series of events that lead to the downfall of the hero. Written between 1604 and 1606, ‘King Lear’ falls into the genre of tragedy, depicting the destruction and downfall of the main character (Abrams). The play centres on Lear, an aging king who, in his retirement, decides to di vide his kingdom between his three daughters while retaining the title and privileges of being king. However, King Lear’s actions lead to the destruction of hisRead MoreTheme Of Madness In King Lear976 Words   |  4 Pagessympathy, and confusion. 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Cultural Intelligence and Capability for Peaceful Relationship

Question: Discuss about theCultural Intelligence and Capability for Peaceful Relationship. Answer: Introduction Background People from diverse cultural settings use different languages to communicate, in relation, this creates a barrier in terms of communication for the people involved. Subsequently, so as to counter such a situation, it is important for key players to adopt a safe space in order to maintain a peaceful relationship. The report will effectively unveil to its readers the subject of cultural intelligence as well as the concept of safe place and how it can be achieved among people of different cultural origins. Aim The report aims at describing the problematic situation which is as a result of language differences between two individuals, Manuel and Basil. Also, the report will analyze why exactly the situation is unsafe for people having what can be examined as cultural barriers and lack of cultural intelligence. In addition, it also provides recommendations that aim at improving the situation so that the issues revolving around communication barriers are fixed hence achieving a safety space. Scope The central focus of the report is misunderstanding as a result of language differences between two individuals, Basil and Manuel. The scenario can be comprehensively illustrated through the video of Fawlty Towers. In relation, Basil tells Manuel to consider a language lesson from a BBC Television Program. Technically, Basil, the manager and an English-speaking person tries to correct the pronunciation of Manuel, his waiter who speaks Spanish. An unsafe space in this case is reflected when Basil is unable to achieve this and is fed up with Manuel. Summary of video clip The name of the TV program is Fawlty Towers- Basil Gives Manuel a Language Lesson, the program will be used to in an in-depth analysis examine the concept of cultural intelligence and safety space. Fawlty Towers was published on June 5, 2009. The TV program is based on a work setting where a hotel manager called Basil request his waiter known as Manuel to make the needed changes in the arrangement of a meal. The two people are the central role players in this video. The video in this case is relevant to the background study of cultural intelligence and capability in that it examines how exactly the aspects of cultural differences acts as an agent of creation of an unsafe space. There are two relevant scenarios that portray the main thoughts of this report. The manager, while sitting in his desk noticed that the Manuel carried excessive butter in the trays for guests. He calls Manuel and utters There is too much butter on those trays, being a Spanish speaker, Manuel panics upon hearing the phrase on those trays and technically rephrases this to ono dos treys. The miscommunication is further extended when the attempts from both sides to effectively communicate with the other fails. Basil feels frustrated and burned out as a result of such misunderstandings. Basil then orders Manuel to go away. Basils assistant then suggests to him to train a monkey so as to overcome such situations. The video is a comprehensive of how exactly the concept of cultural diversity may be a challenge. Observation The act of Basil getting frustrated and burned out when he fails to successfully communicate with Manuel depicts culture antagonism, in this case Spanish and English antagonism. The disappointment on Basils face proves that the two people are in a culturally unsafe space as the two characters fail to communicate with each other effectively. The layout of the space is small due to the fact that it is a small workplace. Basil is technically in the position of a front office desk manager while Manuel carries out his responsibility of a waiter who serves food to clients. The following is a table that will set out the case study observation in regards to the TV program. Scene Number/ Time Frame Physical Factors: Size and layout of the space Communication Factors like Body language, choice of words and voice Signs of Exclusion or Inclusion Aspect of cultural intelligence Scene Number 1 Moderate space and size, less proximity between the two characters Basil: On those trays (English) Manuel: Ono dos treys (Spanish) Manuel indicates signs of exclusion to Basil and as a result makes rephrasing Manuel shows lack of cultural intelligence Scene Number 2 Moderate size and space Basil attempts to communicate in Spanish but Manuel does not understand Basil follows the principle of inclusion as he attempts to communicate in Spanish so as to be culturally capable with Manuel. Basil shows cultural intelligence when he attempts to speak in Spanish so as to communicate with Manuel Scene Number 3 The space is now larger between Basil and Manuel Basil is disappointed with Manuel because he is not able to understand Spanish Basil follows principle of exclusion Basil lacks cultural intelligence because he gets frustrated and lacks patience to be culturally adaptive with Manuel Analysis In order to demonstrate the understanding of key concepts in the unit and how they relate to the case study, it is important to independently examine some of the key terms and analyze their intended meaning. After the description of the terms, the subsequent section will relate the terms to the TV program. Cultural intelligence Cultural intelligence is the capability of a person in regards to the adaptation to cultural differences, a person with cultural intelligence can interacts with people of different cultural affiliations effectively (Yitmen, 2013). Also, it can also be defined as the natural capability of an outsider to interpret an unfamiliar or ambiguous gesture of others. Safe space A safe space is a place where an individual has the chance to express themselves fully without the fear of being compromised, uncomfortable or unsafe due to factors such as orientation regarding sex, ethnicity, and affiliation of religion, ability of mental strengths or the background of ones culture (Van Dyne, et al., 2012). Safe space actually imposes the rules for guarding the concept of self-respect of each person. Cultural capabilities Cultural capabilities technically make a referring to the knowledge, behaviors and systems and the skills which are essential for planning, supporting, delivering and improving services in a way which can be classified as appropriate and respected by culture (Nielsen Momeni, 2016). Cultural Self awareness Cultural self-awareness can be considered as a communicating foundation. It makes an involvement of the ability to be aware of aspects such as values of the culture, beliefs as well as perceptions (Ng et al., 2012). Technically, it gives a laid-out procedure of doing things in a specified way and also talks of the procedure of seeing the world from a whole different perspective. From the first scene of the program, it is noticeable that Manuel, being that he is from a Spanish culture lacks cultural intelligence. This is reflected when he rephrases sentiments from Basil in Spanish terms. Consequently, this made Basil more aware of the cultural differences and hence triggers Basil to speak in Spanish with Manuel. The Spanish language however that Basil attempts to speak is improper and not understandable and as a result, Manuel makes other meanings of what Basil says. Consequently, this makes Basil get even angrier at Manuel than he already is. At this stage, it is clear that Basil is incapable of adaptability towards cultural differences and hence his temper gets the best of him and he scolds Manuel to go away. Basil tells his assistant that he tried to be culturally adaptive towards Manuel with no success. As a result of the lack of cultural intelligence, Manuel failed to culturally adapt with the English words of Basil hence a total disequilibrium took a formation in the entire scenario. In summary, this scenario made the total space to be unsafe in regards to cultural respect. In the following scene, Basils assistant was disappointed with Basils reply when he was asked what the problem was. She examined the scenario and understood that Basil was not patient in his communication with Manuel and also was not interested in making any further adjustment or compromise with Manuel. In relation, his assistant also notices the existence of an incapability regarding cultural differences. She suggests to Basil to train a monkey that would take the place of Manuel so that there would be no such conflicts brought about by the problem of cultural barriers. In summary, being an unsafe place, it is more than clear that Basil and Manuel cannot accommodate each other even in the professional terms. Subsequently, this is because the two dont have the patience to show respect for each others respective cultures. They also have problems in understanding each others language. Their egos also play a central role in the language barrier communication problem as each character finds it hard to compromise for the other. Awareness regarding culture is technically a matter of discussion when interaction is done between people from diverse cultures (Erez, et al., 2013). People interpret things in different ways and a behavior considered appropriate in one culture can be considered inappropriate in another. In relation, it is important for a person belonging to one culture to possess a strong sense of cultural intelligence so as to become capable to interacting with people from other cultures (Jones, 2013). In simple words, high levels of cultural intelligence lead to higher cultural capabilities and hence making one have a better adjustment capability. In summary, an integration of self-awareness, cultural intelligence and capabilities will work towards creating a safe space for people of different cultures. Recommendations From an analysis of the discussions above, it is highly recommendable that: Patience is an important variable and should be employed in respecting each others cultures. In the event that both Basil and Manuel showed patience and respect for each others culture, then the whole situation could not have escalated. They need to employ such compromise in order to maintain their professional terms. Trying to make a good gesture to make interest in the other charters mind is also equally essential (Eisenberg et al., 2013). In relation, it is vital for both Basil and Manuel to make gestures and body languages in a way that will increase a sense of interest in the other characters mind (Li, Mobley Kelly, 2013). Their behavior out to be cool and calm towards each other. Also, since Manuel has very little understanding of English, he ought to maintain the conversation in English with Basil and should not rephrase Basils words in a Spanish context since what that does is to hurt the sentiments of Basil resulting in a messy situation. Conclusion The TV program covered relevant scenarios that show how cultural incompatibility can create a situation of unsafe space between people. The conflict can be traced from when Manuel rectified Basils phrase in Spanish and as a result this hurt the sentiments of Basil. Basil however tried to be culturally capable through his attempts to use Spanish words but Manuel could not understand. Basil lost his patience and as a result, drove Manuel away. Relatively, this situation can be credited to the lack of cultural intelligence of Manuel as he rephrased words from Basil. The act of Basil losing his temper on the other end showed incapability in cultural adaptation. In order to maintain a safe space, it is paramount that the two characters forget their cultural affiliations and show patience and respect for each others culture (Crowne, 2013). References Crowne, K.A., 2013. Cultural exposure, emotional intelligence, and cultural intelligence. An exploratory study.International Journal of Cross Cultural Management,13(1),.5-22. Eisenberg, J., Lee, H.J., Brck, F., Brenner, B., Claes, M.T., Mironski, J. and Bell, R., 2013. Can business schools make students culturally competent? Effects of cross-cultural management courses on cultural intelligence.Academy of Management Learning Education,12(4), 603-621. Erez, M., Lisak, A., Harush, R., Glikson, E., Nouri, R. and Shokef, E., 2013. Going global: Developing management students' cultural intelligence and global identity in culturally diverse virtual teams.Academy of Management Learning Education,12(3), 330-355. Fawlty Towers, Communication Problems, Handling Complaints, Season 2 Episode 1 (BBC Television program) Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_cDmwlbVkg Jones, E., 2013. Internationalization and employability: the role of intercultural experiences in the development of transferable skills.Public Money Management,33(2), 95-104. Li, M., Mobley, W.H. and Kelly, A., 2013. When do global leaders learn best to develop cultural intelligence? An investigation of the moderating role of experiential learning style.Academy of Management Learning Education,12(1), 32-50. Magnusson, P., Westjohn, S.A., Semenov, A.V., Randrianasolo, A.A. and Zdravkovic, S., 2013. The role of cultural intelligence in marketing adaptation and export performance.Journal of Marketing Research,21(4), 44-61. Ng, K.Y., Van Dyne, L., Ang, S. and Ryan, A.M., 2012. Cultural intelligence: A review, reflections, and recommendations for future research.Conducting multinational research projects in organizational psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Nielsen, S.B. and Momeni, M., 2016. Structural Capability of an Organization toward Innovation Capability.Journal of Management Research,8(2), 86-102. Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., Ng, K.Y., Rockstuhl, T., Tan, M.L. and Koh, C., 2012. Sub?dimensions of the four factor model of cultural intelligence: Expanding the conceptualization and measurement of cultural intelligence.Social and personality psychology compass,6(4), 295-313. Yitmen, I., 2013. Organizational cultural intelligence: a competitive capability for strategic alliances in the international construction industry.Project Management Journal,44(4), 5-25.

The Relation between Violence, Power and Human Needs

Understanding power Power is the most sought after thing in the world today by a substantial number of entities. It is critical to begin by understanding the meaning of power in order to gain deeper insight into the essence of power in the contemporary society. Power is used in diverse entities in the society.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Relation between Violence, Power and Human Needs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More More often than not, people define power basing on the political sense of the term. However, it is critical to note that power can be defined from the four realms of the society (Ricoeur 2010, 18-19). According to Ricoeur (2010, 20), power can be used in the social sense, economic sense, and socio-cultural sense. Power entails the possession of attributes of control and determination of events under each sphere in which one assesses power from. The derivatives of power in the contem porary society have, therefore, become more diverse due to the diverse aspects of development that are evident in the contemporary society. However, the ancient antecedents of power as highlighted in the philosophical work of ancient philosophers like Plato are based on law. The definitions of power in the philosophical texts that are advanced in these philosophical works are based on power as an aspect of governance in the society. What defines power is the set of rules that enable governments to rule and control the citizenry. The destiny or the well-being of the citizenry is dictated by how governments use the authority that is bestowed upon them by the law. It can, therefore, be argued that political power is the center and the pillar on which other attributes of power are built. Power is likened to other attributes of control in the society.Advertising Looking for research paper on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This happens as a result of the fact that power is attached to law, which in turn implies the ability to dictate the pace and the nature of developments in a country or a community. In this sense, power can be likened to the ability to dominate and determine (Ricoeur 2010, 20). An overview of the relationship between power, violence and human needs Human needs are diverse and elusive. Human needs keep growing each day. It is argued that the satisfaction of one need results in another need. Needs are, therefore, presumed to be countless and never ending. What is the relation between human needs and power? While power and human needs do not have a mutual relationship, research reveals that there is an established link between power and human needs. Power denotes the ability to control destiny; therefore, the mere possession of power enhances the ability to access the political and economic sphere and access to opportunities and resources. The position of power is often an avenue for a ccessing resources that help in satisfying needs. Power is the originating point for the prevalence of classes in society. People who have power, political or economic, often rank in the higher class, which is also known as the bourgeoisie. Political power in most cases results in the attainment of other forms of power like economic power. Therefore, how does violence relate to the concept of power and human needs? The exploration of the causes of violence in the society can help establish the relationship between human needs, power and violence. Most of the violence in the society comes from the interaction between groups and communities in the society (Dowding 2011, 75).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Relation between Violence, Power and Human Needs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Lord (2000, para. 1-2), the struggle for resources is one of the chief problems and source of conflicts in the world. Conflicts over resources or economic power have resulted in the long bloody conflicts in the world. An example the bloodiest conflict in Liberia and Sierra Leone, which is in is most cases referred to as â€Å"Blood Diamonds†. Resources are connected to power, and the search for power in most cases causes conflicts between people in the society, especially in cases where people are struggling for similar but limited economic resources. In most cases, people who have power utilize the power to unleash violence in the society as a tactic of gaining more attributes of power. Violence is unleashed in several ways. Most of the violence that is known is the physical violence that results in the loss of human life, injuries and destruction of property. However, there are other kinds of violence like economic marginalization, which is not physical per se, but it results in human suffrage just like physical violence does. It can, therefore, be said that there exists a p ronounced relationship between power, violence and human needs in the contemporary society.Advertising Looking for research paper on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Brendan (2006, 2118), structured violence is witnessed in several countries where certain people are excluded from taking part in certain political courses. This is done through ascertainment of mental cases of the individuals as a way of furthering the agenda of destabilizing the power of certain interest groups. There are different forms of tactics that are used in moderating the decision making environment by way of constricting the scale of participation of individuals. This comes from the fear that open participation can result in increased pressure for changes and the reduction of the power of those in authority. Curtailing the landscape for decision making amounts to unleashing violence on the people who are supposed to ensure that the systems of checks and balances are observed (Brendan 2006, 2121). Political power, violence and human needs As observed earlier, political power is the most known form of power in the world. Political power has a close relation to control in the society. This is the reason why cut-throat competition is witnessed whenever people are contesting for political power in any given setting in the society. Political power in most cases denotes the ability to climb the political ladders and exercise authority over the subjects. The question that ought to be explored at this juncture concerns the source of political power or the foundation of power in the political realm of the society. Arguing from the perspective of the ancient society, it can be noted that political power is a critical thing in as far as the establishment of systems of control in the society or the world is concerned. Power cannot be separated from politics since the political regime that prevails in any given society, community or country is often the source of authority, order and control or restraint over the citizenry of that country or society. Political power is established by virtue of the existence of laws that give political regimes power t o implement activities that are meant to enhance the maintenance of order. This takes us back to Plato’s relational explanation of the connectedness between power, governance and law. The law is as old as humanity and is the foundation on which order is sustained in a community or a nation. Power is strongly founded on law and vice versa (Arendt 2007, 713-714). Power is established through a set of laws that define the nature of power positions that exist in a country or society. The same laws set limitations on the ‘dos’ and ‘don’ts’ of the people in power. Power is used to enhance the enforcement of the prevailing laws. Therefore, the manner in which laws are enforced in the course of exercising power is quite critical. What often causes conflicts in as far as the relation between power and law is the attempt by people in power to breach the limitations that are encompassed in the law in regard to what they can do and what they cannot do acc ording to the same law. The law is considered to be the main boundary of power. Conflicts are bound to arise when the boundaries of power are breached, at times resulting in violence. Power has to be defined according to the authority that is given to an individual and the authority that is vested in institutions. The attempt to accumulate power is one of the sole causes of breaking the law. This is common with people or political leaders who hunger for power and do not find satisfaction in the prevailing amount of power that is awarded to them in the law or the constitution (Arendt 2007, 715). According to Cover (1986, 1601), power causes havoc and the law prevails to help in the resolving issues that come from misuse of power. When power enhances violent acts against people in the society, the law helps in eliminating such incidences by imposing sanctions on people who engage in violent acts. One intriguing thing about the law and its interpretation is that at times law seems to j ustify acts of violence that have either occurred or that are being planned. Such an example can be derived from the plan by a country to go into war with another country. Depending on the level at which the country has been aggressed and the exploitation of other channels of settling the conflict, the laws of most countries authorize war and violence. This is in a bid for a country to protect its sovereignty. The foundations of the society are quite elusive in the sense that violence is even founded in the laws. This implies that it is a legal act in its own sense. Power and violence have a founded relationship that cannot be easily set apart since violence often acts as one of the options of retaining power (Cover 1986, 1602). Another perspective to the issue of power is that a number of people argue that violence results in power. This comes out of the discovery that most violent incidences that are witnessed in the world are structured. People sponsor violence in order to weaken certain structures of the society to enable them to ascend to power. The question that comes out here is whether violence can really result into power. Several incidences of violence, for instance the utilization of militia attacks, result in infringement on human rights in which the satisfaction of human needs is embedded. However, only a few incidences of structured violence results in the attainment of power by the planners and the executers of the violence. The sustenance of such kind of power is a daunting task. In most cases, the use of unlawful acts is used by people who have gained power through structural violence to maintain the power. This implies the denial of the rights and freedoms of people as a way of taming the people so that they cannot resent to the nature or the execution of functions by the authority (Peeters 2008, 169). A substantial number of researchers on power and violence argue that there is no absoluteness in prioritizing violence over power, and vice ve rsa. In a number of instances, violence is used as a means of maintaining power. To what level is the use of violence to maintain power justified. Is violence a legal tool for maintaining power? Such questions continue to bog the minds of people even as the use of violence in several instances is used to sustain the political power of states and political regimes within nations, like the contemporary political situation in Syria where the government is unleashing violence on the citizenry as way of clinging onto power. Violence is often used by totalitarian and authoritarian governments to sustain power (Arendt and Benedict 2009, 34). However, this goes beyond the totalitarian and autocratic regime. When autocracy is being talked about, the kind of violence that is meant is the direct or in most cases physical violence. This implies that other governments that are deemed not to be autocratic make use of indirect violence. They mostly use an indirect form of violence to control event s and maintain power (Peeters, 2008, 169-170). How can military intervention such as the United States intervention in Vietnam, Afghanistan and Iraq be classified? A substantial number of questions are asked about the moral rightness in military intervention. This is triggered by the fact that military intervention, in as much as it might be looked at from the perspective of the need to pacify a region, results in the abuse of human rights and denies human beings the right to access vital needs. This remains to be a critical issue in the contemporary world, where the leading states in the world resort to such steps and argue that they are the main ways through which peace can be sustained. In real sense, what comes out from such developments is the desire for the developed states to enhance authority and control of the world at all costs, without putting into consideration the rights and needs of the people who inhabit the regions where they launch military attacks. This denotes vio lence on the people who inhabit the target regions (Chatterjee 2004, 258). Arendt and Benedict (2009, 34) ascertain that revolutionary courses that have occurred in the history of the world have been accompanied by considerable scales of violence. Violence on the citizenry comes out as the main cause of uprisings against political regimes. In most cases, revolutions are necessitated by the nature of misuse of power by political regimes and the equal undermining of the ability of the citizens to rise up and oppose the breaches of power by political regimes. Powerlessness binds citizens and denies them the courage and power to revolt against the breach of power, which is the cause of the problems that face the citizens. Revolutions can hardly take course without violence because in most cases, those in power will often want to quell the revolts in their bid to try to secure their regimes from collapsing. In other cases, the needs of the people cause them to engage in violent acts as t hey try to forcefully acquire things that they yearn for in their lives. However, other innocent people are subjected to violence in the course of revolutions. This raises questions on the worth of revolutions, if at all, because they cause more damage and increase the scale of human suffrage as the supplies are cut off in the active parts of revolutions. The scale of violence during revolutions comes from dual forces; people who are rising up against the misuse of power, and the resistance to the course that is pursued by revolts in a bid to protect power. Therefore, the worth of the revolution can only be determined in the aftermath of the revolution. If order is restored and the ability of human beings to meet their needs and power is exercised rightly, then the revolution can be considered a success. Nonetheless, it is quite daunting to attain such a situation in the aftermath of a revolution (Arendt and Benedict 2009, 34). The social realms of power, human needs and violence Ca n power be understood from the social or psychological realm? This is one of the questions that are being explored by social researchers. As note earlier, power is found in all the realms of development in the society. The Nazi atrocities depict different accolades of the search for power and the way pursuance of power can result in conflicts. The Nazi atrocities in the real sense were guided by a social and political ideology by Adolf Hitler. The ideology denoted that the Aryans were the superior tribe in the world and that there was no other tribe that could match the superiority of the Aryans. This was later translated into a political course; the elimination of tribes that seemed intelligent and competitors to the superiority of the Aryans. It can be argued that the need for actualization through the postulation of social ideologies with diverse inclinations is the reason why violence is unleashed on people in the society by other people. This is likened to Nazism, which accordi ng to a substantial number of researchers was a search for both political and social positions by the Aryans. In any case, where a consideration of supremacy is given priority violence is utilized as a way of safeguarding the supremacy (Arendt 1971, 417). Arendt (1971, 421) ascertains that man has needs and the more he is pressed by the needs, the more he inclines his mind toward pursuing a certain course. This course may be a violent one. Thinking about needs affects the conscience of man in the sense that man is pressed to fulfill the needs. When the means of fulfilling the needs do not sum up in the mind, he has to think of an alternative means of gaining the needs, even if it has trivial consequences to him and others. According to Kantian ethics, human thoughts are mostly inclined towards their needs. Thinking about needs distracts the mind from conscience and paves way for irrational thinking, which is depicted in the acts that are engaged in by human beings. The violence that is witnessed on the streets comes from the mounting levels of thoughts about needs. Such thinking does not result in the generation of constructive knowledge, but destructive knowledge as in the case of violent acquisition of property from other people. It can, thus, be concluded that the frustration out of the lack of the capacity to fulfill needs is a source of small scale violence. Such violence can escalate when the conditions worsen and the ability to fulfill needs is reduced. Reference List Arendt, Hannah and Hans J ¨urgen Benedict. 2009. â€Å"Revolution, Violence, and Power: A Correspondence.† Constellations 16(2): 304-304. Arendt, Hannah. 1971. â€Å"Thinking and Moral Considerations.† Social Research 38(3): 417-446. Arendt, Hannah. 2007. â€Å"The Great Tradition: i. Law and Power.† Social Research 74(3): 713-726. Chatterjee, Deen K. 2004. Ethics and Foreign Intervention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cover, Robert M. 1986. â€Å"Violence and the Word.† The Yale Law Journal 95(8): 1601-1629. Dowding, Keith M. 2011. Encyclopedia of Power. Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE. Kelly, Brendan D. 2006. â€Å"The Power Gap: Freedom, Power and Mental Illness.† Social Science Medicine 63: 2118–2128. Lord, David. 2000. Introduction: The Struggle for Power and Peace in Sierra Leone. Web. Peeters, Remi. 2008. â€Å"Against Violence but not at Any Prize: Hannah Arendt’s Concept of Power.† Ethical Perspectives: Journal of European Ethics Network 15(2): 169-192. Ricoeur, Paul. 2010. â€Å"Power and Violence.† Theory, Culture Society 27(5): 18-36. This research paper on The Relation between Violence, Power and Human Needs was written and submitted by user Happy Hogan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

To what extent was Arthur Balfour responsible for Conservative decline Essay Example

To what extent was Arthur Balfour responsible for Conservative decline Essay The 1906 election was a major turning point in the political climate of Edwardian Britain. The loss of this election heralded a period of Conservative decline and Liberal ascendancy. Many historians blame Arthur Balfour, nephew to Lord Salisbury, for the landslide loss for the Conservatives in the 1906 general election. Whether it was the policies he implemented, the political machinations of the Liberals and the newly formed Labour Party or simply a demand for a change in political policy, the 1906 election was a crucial point in the political history of Britain. Balfour was the essence of a true Edwardian politician. He was a good administrator and an excellent debater, a skill he used frequently in the House of Commons. Balfour was brought up close to politics and government as a result of his being nephew to Lord Salisbury esteemed conservative party leader; said by Atlee to be the best Prime Minister of his lifetime. This upbringing was to greatly help him in later life. Balfour aimed to maintain Conservative unity at a time when policy choices greatly divided the party. His clear mind and awareness of Britains new diplomatic and political position in the world was to later help him as Prime Minister. We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent was Arthur Balfour responsible for Conservative decline specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent was Arthur Balfour responsible for Conservative decline specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent was Arthur Balfour responsible for Conservative decline specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, his cold detached manner made him unpopular with the voters, and was seen by many to be aloof and uncaring. This is shown by Blake, Balfour, however had his blind spots, and their effects on the electoral fortunes of the party were considerable. The Taff Vale Case 1901, highlighted to many Balfours aloof and uncaring nature with regard to the lower classes. In the Taff Vale case, Balfours position of leaving it to the courts made him highly unpopular with the lower classes who saw him to be siding with the upper classes. This allowed the Liberals to make use of the resentment against the Conservatives, and gather support for the next election. His non-intervention also alienated him from the trade unions and the lower classes, thus decreasing Conservative support. The Education Act 1902 was one of Balfours major blunders. Although his intentions were good, as he wanted to provide everyone with a better education, he managed to infuriate the Non-conformists and thus increased Liberal support and unity. However although the Act did do this it provided a better more efficient secondary schooling system. In this way, the act was a success. Yet, the success of Balfours education system was shadowed by the infuriated Non-conformists who were outraged at having to pay for Anglican and Catholic schools. This act was a major political turning point for the Tories and should have shown Balfour that he must be more aware of the concerns of the lower classes: after this act, they lost two constituencies in quick succession, whereas previously they won 9 out of 10 by-elections. The Licensing Act 1904 was another act, which offended the Non-Conformists and increased their unity under the Liberals. The ending of the diplomatic isolation of Britain was to be one of Balfours most important legacies, as it enabled Britain to begin to focus on Europe the new diplomatic theatre for power the days of the colonies were over. The alliances with Japan (1902) and France (1904) helped Britain become more prepared for the ravages of World War 1. Balfours reorganisation of both the army and navy also helped to prepare Britain for WWI. However, these achievements would only be fully appreciated after WWI, as the voters were not particularly bothered about military reforms whilst the empire was at peace. These actions did not speed up Conservative Decline, but nor did they reduce it, and so were not greatly advantageous to the Conservatives. Balfours approval of Milners request for Chinese labour in South Africa was a disastrous decision, which cost the Conservatives a large number of votes. There were three main reactions to this approval that cost the Conservatives votes: first were humanitarian concerns. Many members of the public were unhappy about the conditions the Chinese workers were being forced to work and live in. The second reaction was one of discontent at the emigration route to South Africa being closed. This meant that many unemployed workers were now unable to emigrate to South Africa for work because the demand for labour had been filled by Chinese immigrants. The third reaction was from the trade unions. They believed that if the government could import cheap labour in one of its colonies, then they could do it here in Britain. This outraged them and made them firmly oppose the Conservatives, thus increasing support for the Liberals the only real alternative to the Tories. Tariff reform also united the lower classes against the Conservatives as the Liberals raised the old cry of tax on food! this was one of the few things that could make the lower classes staunch opponents of the Conservatives. However, Balfour was opposed to this reform, and made it clear to Joseph Chamberlain that it would be a grave mistake to introduce it. Yet, as party leader, he did nothing by way of overruling him. This was a grave mistake and increased Liberal support. The Lib-Lab Pact 1903 unified the anti-conservative vote and ensured that more constituencies voted into power either Liberal MPs or Labour MPs. This secret pact ensured that less Conservatives were voted into power thus reducing their chances of winning the election of 1906. To conclude, I believe that Arthur Balfour was one of the reasons for Conservative decline and the loss of the 1906 election. However, I do not believe that it was solely his fault, as rebellious members of his cabinet put forward reforms that he disapproved of and thus alienated their party from the mass voters. This will have increased the speed at which the conservatives were falling into decline. Although this is true, I think that the political machinations of the Liberals also played a hand in the downfall of the Conservatives. In addition, I believe that the tides of change were already acting upon the fortunes of the Conservative party, and that it was merely a question of when they would be voted out of power.

The Horses by Ted Hughes Essays

The Horses by Ted Hughes Essays The Horses by Ted Hughes Paper The Horses by Ted Hughes Paper Essay Topic: Literature The Poems of Ted Hughes Here this is very effective because it gives the reader the impression of a totally empty place, silent, cold and where the narrator is completely alone like the way that some people can come to feel in the hustle and bustle of everyday life. The theme of silence is developed in this way throughout the entire poem, mainly by using metaphors very effectively, accompanied by vivid description e. g. The curlews tear turned its edge on the silence. Slowly detail leafed from the darkness. Then the sun Orange, red, red erupted. I think that this particular quote is very beautiful, as it almost identifies a break in the silence, as if everything was gradually starting to come back to life. Also the colour erupting made me think of noise, rather than silence, giving a significant example of imagery, which I thought very important in helping the reader to understand the poem. I think that the structures and sound patterns which Hughes has used in the poem are very important in helping the reader to understand the way that the poem has been written, and the message that the poet is trying to convey. The way he has used forms of punctuation enables the reader to understand the way and speed it was intended to be read at due to the pauses used in the form of commas, full stops, colons and hyphens, i. e. Till the moorline blackening dregs of the brightening grey . . . The poem is written in couplets (stanzas of two lines) which gives the reader short bursts of almost information through the poets eyes, but as the punctuation does not always indicate that each couplet provides its own individual piece of information (i. e. t the end of the second stanza there is no full stop or comma so the sentence just runs into the third stanza). This gives the effect of the slowing down and speeding up of the poems rhythm, and is a very effective method which is easily understood when the poem is read aloud. I think that The Horses and The Thought Fox have a similar style in the way that punctuation has been used throughout both in order to set the speed of the poems, by the way lines flow into each other, or the way there are short, sharp little sentences. Also in the topics they are written about; they are both written in the form of animals but with the poet writing from the place of the animal. In The Thought Fix, the poet has put himself in the place of a fox, in a comparison about the creative process. This poem seems to start slowly, speed up in the middle stanzas, and then almost come to a standstill at the end when the job is complete in the same kind of way as in The Horses, which gave me the idea that this poem could also be about the creative process, especially considering that Ted Hughes was a poet laureate who had had great experience of the difficulties of a writer. On the other hand these two poems have many differences. They are set out differently; The Horses is written in couplets whereas The Thought Fox is set out in six stanzas of four lines each. Also there is more evident use of punctuation to change the rhythm in The Horses, whereas in The Thought Fox there is hardly any punctuation, making it quite a fast paced poem, all flowing into one.

Organisational Learning and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organisational Learning and Development - Essay Example These new practices rely upon the idea that performance depends not only on hard and attenuating work of the personnel, but also on such essential characteristics as competence and ability to learn and develop. Despite seeming simplicity, the problem of effective learning and development of employees is exceptionally complex, and if a company fails to properly, effectively and continuously train and educate its human resources in the right areas of the business, at the right time and at the right cost, serious inefficiencies are likely to arise. This will inevitably result in considerable operational difficulties and sometimes may even lead to failure of the organisation (Buckle & Caple, 2004). Information, knowledge, and skills have already become the key aspects of new economic environment (Guest, 1987). As a result, modern organizational studies place increasingly distinct emphasis on issues associated with learning and development of personnel. An effective HRD programme should be built around three basic theoretical concepts: organizational development change, leadership development, and individual, group and organizational learning (Reid, Barrington & Brown, 2004). ... In the past, learning focused primarily on individuals: people worked in large bureaucracies or assembly lines and, consequently, the goal of learning under such circumstances was training of the skills required for their functioning. However, since approximately three decades ago the focus of learning in organisations started to shift from individuals to groups and, what was even more important, the meaning underlying the concepts of 'learning', 'training' and 'development' transformed dramatically. Scholars began to perceive these constructs as continuous rather than occasional while the purpose and the process of learning were also reformulated and recognised as vital for effective organizational performance (Harrison, 2005). The existing research in organizational learning available up to date demonstrates that there are at least three major things adult learners need to know: - What will be learned; - How the learning will be conducted; - Why the new knowledge will be of any value (Knowles, 1984). The need to know about these three aspects strongly affects employees' motivation to learn, outcomes of learning, and motivation to use new knowledge. Normally, five phases of organizational learning are identified in the literature: 1. Analysis The first phase involves full analysis of the organizational needs, identification of the goals which, when reached, will equip employees with knowledge and skills to meet the organization's needs (Buckley & Caple, 2004). The first questions to be asked in the analysis phase are "Is there a need for training" and "If something is wrong, is it caused by a performance problem that training will fix" In the analysis phase the responsibilities/duties required at a certain position are identified and